FUPRE Physics Syllabus

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES, EFFURUN

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

CURRICULUM FOR B. Sc. (HONS) IN Physics

#	Code	Description	Status	Unit	Semester	Level
1	PHY 111	GENERAL PHYSICS I	C	3	First Semester	100L
2	GSE 112	USE OF LIBRARY	C	1	First Semester	100L
3	GSE 111	COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH	C	2	First Semester	100L
4	CSC 111	INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE	C	3	First Semester	100L
5	BIO 119	PRACTICAL BIOLOGY 1	C	1	First Semester	100L
6	BIO 111	GENERAL BIOLOGY 1	C	3	First Semester	100L
7	CHM 111	GENERAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY	C	3	First Semester	100L
8	MTH 111	GENERAL MATHEMATICS 1	C	3	First Semester	100L
9	PHY119	EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS	C	1	First Semester	100L
10	CHM 129	PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY	C	1	Second Semester	100L
11	GSE 121	AFRICAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION	C	2	Second Semester	100L
12	CHM 121	GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	C	3	Second Semester	100L
13	MTH 121	GENERAL MATHEMATICS II	C	3	Second Semester	100L
14	PHY 129	EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS II	C	1	Second Semester	100L
15	PHY 121	ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM	C	3	Second Semester	100L
16	MTH 123	VECTORS AND DYNAMICS	C	3	Second Semester	100L
17	PHY 123	INTRODUCTION TO MODERN OPTICS	C	2	Second Semester	100L
18	PHY 122	HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS	C	2	Second Semester	100L
19	PHY 211	ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND ELECTRONICS	C	3	First Semester	200L
20	GSE 211	PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION	C	2	First Semester	200L
21	CSC 212	INTRODUCTION TO FILE PROCESSING	C	2	First Semester	200L
22	MTH 211	MATHEMATICAL METHODS	C	3	First Semester	200L
23	PHY 219	EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS III	C	1	First Semester	200L
24	PHY 213	WAVES AND OPTICS	C	3	First Semester	200L
25	PHY212	INTRODUCTION TO EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS	C	2	First Semester	200L
26	MTH 215	STATISTICAL METHODS	C	3	First Semester	200L
27	GSE 221	COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH	C	2	Second Semester	200L
28	CSC 221	COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 2	C	3	Second Semester	200L
29	MTH 223	NUMERICAL ANALYSIS	C	3	Second Semester	200L
30	MTH 221	ELEMENTARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS	C	3	Second Semester	200L
31	PHY 229	EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS IV	C	1	Second Semester	200L
32	PHY 221	THERMAL PHYSICS	C	2	Second Semester	200L
33	PHY 222	ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND NETWORK ANALYSIS	C	3	Second Semester	200L
34	PHY 223	ELEMENTARY MODERN PHYSICS	C	3	Second Semester	200L
35	PHY 300	EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 4	C	2	First Semester	300L
36	GSE 311	ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS	C	2	First Semester	300L
37	MTH 313	COMPLEX ANALYSIS	C	3	First Semester	300L
38	PHY 315	ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT	C	2	First Semester	300L
39	PHY 314	SOLID STATE PHYSICS	C	3	First Semester	300L
40	PHY 316	INTRODUCTION TO GEOPHYSICS II	C	2	First Semester	300L
41	PHY 311	QUANTUM MECHANICS 1	C	3	First Semester	300L
42	PHY 312	ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM	C	3	First Semester	300L
43	PHY 313	ANALYTICAL MECHANICS 1	C	3	First Semester	300L
44	PHY 320	SIWES	C	6	Second Semester	300L
45	PHY 418	NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS	C	2	First Semester	400L
46	PHY 417	DIGITAL ELECTRONICS	C	3	First Semester	400L
47	PHY 416	SEMINAR	C	2	First Semester	400L
48	PHY 415	MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR PHYSICS	C	3	First Semester	400L
49	PHY 414	COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS	C	3	First Semester	400L
50	PHY 413	ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS & WAVES	C	3	First Semester	400L
51	PHY 412	ANALYTICAL MECHANICS II	C	3	First Semester	400L
52	PHY 411	STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS	C	3	First Semester	400L
53	PHY 432	POTENTIAL FIELD THEORY	E	2	Second Semester	400L
54	PHY 431	SOLID EARTH PHYSICS	E	2	Second Semester	400L
55	PHY 427	DIGITAL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING	E	2	Second Semester	400L
56	PHY 426	SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY	E	2	Second Semester	400L
57	PHY 425	LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS	E	2	Second Semester	400L
58	PHY 424	SOLIDSTATE PHYSICS	C	3	Second Semester	400L
59	PHY 422	VECTOR AND TENSOR ANALYSIS	C	3	Second Semester	400L
60	PHY 421	QUANTUM MECHANICS II	C	3	Second Semester	400L
61	PHY 420	PROJECT	C	6	Second Semester	400L
62	PHY 423	MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR PHYSICS II	C	3	Second Semester	400L

GSE 111 COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH                                               2 Credit Units

Effective communication in English, Language skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Aspects of sound patterns in English, units of grammar, types and functions of clauses, composition, types, and functions of paragraph, Writing style, Structuring the Essay, Essay, Dictionary; A study Aid, Word Choice and Usage, The values of literature in the learning of the use of English. Punctuation marks, Direct and indirect reported speech. Voice: active and passive, tense, concord/agreement, Interpretation. Exercises in reading, Comprehension, writing and listening. Phonetics, arts of public speaking and oral communication, figures of speech. Research skills, writing of term of term papers and research papers.

GSE 112 USE OF LIBRARY                                                                        1 Credit Unit

History of library, library and education, university libraries and other types of library and other types of library; study skills (reference services), types of library materials, using library resources including e-learning, e-materials etc. understanding library catalogues and classification; copyrights and its implications, database resources, bibliographic citation and referencing.

BIO 111 GENERAL BIOLOGY I                                                                    3 Credit Units  

Cell structure and organization; functions of cellular organelles; diversity, Characteristics and Classification of living things, General reproduction, interrelation of organisms; heredity and evolution

; elements of ecology and types of habitat. Classification, similarities, differences of the kingdom plantae. Adaptations of plants to their environment highlighting the evolutionary trend. Biodiversity, Evolution, Genetics and Hereditary. Current advances in plant biology, highlighting plant structure, physiology, development and diversity. An analysis of geography of higher plants, emphasizing process that operate at the species population level, the origin and diversity of higher plant life, geographic patterns of diversity and floras, and dynamics of species populations at local and continental scales.

BIO 119 PRACTICAL BIOLOGY I                                        1 Credit Unit                            

Practical classes in plant cells and tissues. Internal and external features of plants. Current methods used in plant research.

CSC 111 Introduction to Computer Science                                                 3 Credit Units

History of Computers, functional component of computer. Characters of a computer, problem solving; flow charts, algorithms, computer programming. Statements and symbolic names. Arrays, subscripts, expressions and control statements. Introduction to Basic programming language, computer applications.

MTH 111   General Mathematics 1       3 Credits

Trigonometric Functions of angles of any magnitude, addition and factor formulae, Complex numbers – Sum, Difference, Product and quotient of complex numbers, polar form, Argand diagram, locus problems, De Moivre’s theorem. Elementary set theory, subsets, union, intersection and Venn diagram. Real numbers: integers, rational and irrational numbers.  Mathematical Induction, real sequences and series. Theory of quadratic equations, Partial Fractions and binomial theorem.

PHY 111 General Physics I: Mechanics and Properties of Matter            3 Credit Units

Space and Time, Units and Dimension, Kinematics; Fundamental laws of Mechanics, statics and dynamics; work and energy; Conservation laws. Elasticity; Hooke’s law, Young’s shear and bulk moduli, Hydrostatics; Pressure, capillarity, drops and bubbles. Rotational dynamics, equilibrium of rigid bodies, Oscillation, gravitation.

PHY 119/129 Experimental Physics I                                                     1 Credit Unit

This introductory course emphasizes quantitative measurements, the treatment of measurement errors, and graphical analysis. A variety of experimental techniques will be employed. The experiments include studies of meters, the oscilloscope, mechanical systems, electrical and mechanical resonant systems, light, heat, viscosity etc, covered in PHY 111, PHY 121.

CHM III General Inorganic Chemistry                                            3 Credit Units

Electronic configuration, periodicity and building up of the periodic table. Hybridization and shape of simple molecules. Natural occurrence and extraction of metals of groups Ia – Iva. Comparative chemistry of groups IA – IVA elements.  An introduction to transition metal chemistry and nuclear chemistry.

CHM I09 Practical Chemistry I                                                   1 Credit Unit

Laboratory Safety and regulations; Accidents and First Aid in the Laboratory; Record book; Qualitative Analysis; Preliminary investigations, Test for acidic radicals (Anions), Test for metallic radicals (Cations)

Quantitative Analysis; Volumetric or Titremetric Analysis

GSE 121 AFRICANS CULTURES, CIVILIZATION & NIGERIA PEOPLE               2 Credit Units 

The individual, society, environment, language, ethnicity, race and culture; dynamics of culture change with reference to cultural and social history vis-à-vis archeological studies; African cultural history and progress from the earliest times, to the present with special mention of features such as farming, metallurgy, trade union and rural life. Rural and urban life Nigeria with emphasis on the socio-cultural and ecological factors predisposing to the rural-urban dichotomy, family, economics, politics, and belief system.

BIO 121 GENERAL BIOLOGY II                                                              3 Credit Units       

A generalized survey of plant and animal kingdoms based mainly on the study of similarities and differences in external features; ecological adaptations of these forms. Classification, similarities and differences of the Kingdom Animalia. Adaptive features of the various phyla. A study of diversity of animals, their structure, physiology and evolution. Special emphasis is placed on the unique features of fishes and their functional adaptations to aquatic environments. A study of fish biology (icthyology), including antomy, systematic, physiology, behaviour, and ecology of fresh water and marine fishes.

MTH 121 General Mathematics II       3 Credits

Function of a real variable and their graphs. Treatment of limits and continuity. Derivatives as limits of rate of change. Differentiation techniques, including products, quotients, etc. Extreme curve sketching, Partial Derivative. Integration as an inverse of differentiation. Methods of Integration. Integration techniques including substitution, parts and partial fractions. Differentiation and Integration of Logarithm and exponential functions, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions and their inverses. Definite integrals. Applications to areas and volumes.

MTH 123 Vectors and Dynamics       3 Credits

Geometric representation of Vectors in 1-3 dimensions, components, direction cosines. Addition and Scalar Multiplication of Vectors. Scalar and Vector Products of two vectors. Differentiation and integration of two vectors with respect to a scalar variable. Two-dimensional co-ordinate geometry. Straight lines, circles, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola. Tangents and normals. Kinematics of a particle. Components of Velocity and acceleration of a particle moving in a plain. Force, momentum, laws of motion under gravity. Projectiles, resisted vertical motion, elastic string, simple pendulum impulse. Impact of two smooth spheres and of a sphere on a smooth sphere.

PHY 121 General Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism                         3 Credit Units

Electrostatics; conductors and currents; electric field, Gauss’s law, Electric Potential, Capacitor and dielectric, Electromotive force and circuits. Magnetic fields and induction. Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction: Maxwell’s equations; electromagnetic oscillations and waves; Applications.

PHY 122 General Physics III: Heat and Thermodynamics                         2 Credit Units

Temperature, thermometry, Heat and heat measurements, gas laws, Thermal properties of matter, Molecular theory of matter. Kinetic theory of gasses. Heat transfer. Prevost theory of heat exchange. Thermal radiation detectors; Optical pyrometer, Laws of thermodynamics.

PHY 123 Introduction to Modern Optics                                                 3 Credit Units

Geometric Optics: Snell’s law of refraction and reflection, Refraction and reflection at spherical surfaces, Thin lens equation, Mirror equation, Microscope and Telescope, Wave Optics: Interference, Interference in thin films, Young’s fringes, The Michelson interferometer, Diffraction, diffraction gratings, Fraunhofer diffraction from single and multiple slits, Polarization of Light, Maxwell Equations and boundary conditions, the Laser, different types and characteristics of laser, Use and application of laser in Optics.

CHM I21 General Organic Chemistry                                                   3 Credit Units

Classification of Organic Compounds; Functional groups and homologous series; Isolation and purification of organic compounds; Isomerism: Structural, stereoisomers, cis and trans geometrical Isomerism; Nomenclature of simple organic compounds; Chemistry of simple hydrocarbons – alknaes, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and amines (general preparations, reactions and uses).

PHY 211 Electric Circuit and Electronics                                                 3 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 121

Principles of Semiconductors, the pn junction, transistors characteristics and equivalent circuits, amplifiers, feedback, oscillators, operational amplifiers.

PHY 212 Introduction to Exploration Geophysics                                   2 Credit Units

Geophysics as a discipline.  Generation and propagation of elastic waves, seismic, gravity, magnetic and electrical methods, methods of examining earth structure, seismic studies mechanism of earthquakes. Heat flow, concept of plate tectonics and continental drift.

PHY 213 Waves and Optics                                                                      3 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 111, PHY 121

Wave Phenomena; Acoustical Waves; the harmonic oscillator; waves on a string; energy in wave motion; longitudinal waves; standing waves; group and phase velocity; Doppler effect; Physical Optics; Spherical Waves; interference and Diffraction, thin films; crystal diffraction, holography; dispersion and scattering, Geometrical Optics, Waves and rays; reflection at a spherical surface, thin lenses, optical lenses; mirrors and prisms.

MTH 211 Mathematical Methods I       3 Credits

Real-valued functions of a real variable. Review of differentiation and integration and their application. Mean value theorem. Taylor series. Real valued function of two or three variables. Partial derivatives chain rule, extrema, language multipliers, Increments, differentials and linear approximations. Evaluation of line, integrals.

MTH 215 Statistical Methods            3 Credits

Distribution free procedures – Parametric vs. non-parametric tests, power robustness. Sign, signed Rank, Sum of Rank tests. Chi-squared test. Rank transformations.

Analysis of designed experiments – Completely randomized design, Randomized Blocks. Factorial designs. Multiple Comparisons. Analysis of residuals. Transformations. Model Fitting – Estimation and inference relating to multiple linear regression models. Sampling methods – Industrial sampling. Process control charts for means, proportions and range.

GSE 211 PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION         2 Credit Units                  Introduction to the nature of philosophy; its scope, problems and key concepts, The nature and scope of logic. Laws of thought as aid to rational inquiry and their role in the formation of arguments. The role of logical equivalence and conditional statements. Kinds of logical equivalence and logical and their definition in symbolic logic. The roles of inference and their application in the evaluation of resolution. Peace and vehicle of unity and development. Conflict issues, types of conflicts, causes of conflicts and violence in Africa, the indigene/settler phenomenon, peace building, conflict management, peace mediation and peace keeping, alternative dispute resolution, role of international organization such as ECOWAS, African Union and United Nations in peace keeping and conflicts resolution.

CSC 212 Introduction to File Processing                                               2 Credit Units

Introduction to data management files; and job-control language application; an overview of I/O (Input/output) system architecture; logical file organizations; mapping logical organization unto physical storage; Back-up processing procedure, file recovery, Higher level language data management data facilities.

PHY 221 THERMAL PHYSICS                                                          2 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 121                                                                         

The foundations of classical thermodynamics including the zeroth law and definition of temperature; the first law, work heat and internal energy; Carrot cycles and the second law; entropy and irreversibility, Thermodynamic potentials and the Maxwell relations. Application: Qualitative discussion of phase transitions; third law of thermodynamics; ideal and real gases. Elementary kinetic theory of gases including Boltzmann counting, Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of distribution of velocities, simple applications of the distribution law.

PHY 222 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND NETWORK ANALYSIS                          3 Credit Units 

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 211                                                                       

Circuit analysis; Resistive networks, Kirchhoff’s laws and the measurement of currents, voltage and resistance, Nodal, mesh analysis, thevenins. Sinusoidal steady state circuit analysis. Response of simple circuits. Laplace transform.

PHY 223 ELEMENTARY MODERN PHYSICS                                                    3 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 111, PHY 121                                                                        

Photoelectric effect, Thermionic emission, Atomic Spectra, x-rays production and properties; Atomic structure, the nuclear atom, Radioactivity, Laser, Laser beam production and application. Special Relativity; Defects in Newtonian Mechanics; the speed of light; the Lorentz transformation; transformation of velocities. Experimental basis of quantum theory; Black body radiation; electrons and quanta; Bohr’s theory of atomic structure; DeBroglie hypothesis, the uncertainty principle; Schrodinger’s equation and simple applications.

MTH 221 Elementary Differential Equation                                              3 Credit Units

First order differential equations. Existence and uniqueness. Second order differential equations with constant co-efficients. General theory of nth order linear equations. Laplace transform, solution of initial-value problems by laplace transform method. Single treatment of partial differential equations in two independent variables. Application of O.D.E and P.D.E to physical life and social sciences.

MTH 223 Numerical Analysis I                                                                   3 Credit Units

Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations. Curve fitting. Error analysis. Interpolation and application. Zeros and non-linear equations to one variable. Systems of linear equations. Numerical differentiation and integral equations. Initial value problem for ordinary differential equations.

CSC 221 Computer Programming II                                                           3 Credit Units

Principles of good programming; structured programming concepts; Debugging and testing; string processing, Internal searching and sorting, Data structures, recursion. C++ or any other widely used programming language will be used in teaching the above.

GSE 311 ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS        2 Credit Units                          

Introduction to entrepreneurship and new ventures creation; Theory and practice of entrepreneurship; The opportunity, forms of business; staffing, Marketing and the new venture; determining capital requirements, raising capital; financial planning and managements. Starting a new business feasibility studies; innovation; legal issues; insurances and environment considerations. Possible business opportunities in Nigeria; case studies.

GSE 311 ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS                                                     2 Credit Units     

Introduction to entrepreneurship and new ventures creation; Theory and practice of entrepreneurship; The opportunity, forms of business; staffing, Marketing and the new venture; determining capital requirements, raising capital; financial planning and managements. Starting a new business feasibility studies; innovation; legal issues; insurances and environment considerations. Possible business opportunities in Nigeria; case studies.

PHY 300 EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS                                               2 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 219, PHY 229                                                                         

A year long series of mini courses on important experimental techniques. Topics covered include electronics, optics, electricity, atomic, molecular, nuclear and low temperature physics, statistics and data handling and scientific writing

PHY 311 QUANTUM PHYSICS                                                        3 Credit Units   

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 223                                                                       

Wave particle duality and the Uncertainty principle; basic principles of the quantum theory; energy levels in potential wells; reflection and transmission of potential barriers; Atomic and molecular structure and reactions, fission and fusion; magnetic resonance; elementary particles.

PHY 312 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM                                        3 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 121, PHY 211, PHY 222                                                                          

Electrostatics and Magnetostatics, Laplace equation and boundary value problems; Multiple expansions, dielectric and magnetic materials. Faraday’s law. A.C. Circuits. Maxwell’s equations. Lorentz covariance and special relativity.

PHY 313 ANALYTICAL MECHANICS I                                   2 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 111, MTH 123                                                                          

Newtonian Mechanics; motion of a particle in one, two and three dimensions; systems of particles and collision theory; Newtonian gravitation; conservative forces and potentials, oscillations, central force problems; accelerated frames of reference; rigid body dynamics; generalized motion; mechanics of continuous media.

PHY 314 SOLID STATE PHYSICS                                                       3 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 123, PHY 213                                                                        

Crystal structure and crystal binding. Elastic properties; lattice vibrations. Diffraction, Bragg condition, x-ray scattering, reciprocal lattice. Mechanical properties of crystal, Ionic, covalent and metallic crystal, defects in crystals, Effects of defects on physical properties. Free-electron model, heat capacity, electrical and thermal conductivities, Super-conductivity.

PHY 315 ENEGRY AND ENVIRONMENT                                              3 Credit Units

Understanding the environment. The concept of energy and power. Principle demands and outlook. Transformation of energy and its costs. Energy from fossil fuels, hydro costs, capacity, storage, reserves, efficiency and environmental effects. Nuclear reactors fission and fusion. Alternate sources of energy, Geothermal, tidal, wind energy etc. Promises and problems. Need for an energy policy and management.

PHY 316 INTRODUCTION TO GEOPHYSICS II                                      2 Credit Units

PRE-REQUISITE - PHY 212

Seismic methods. Wave propagation in elastic media. Seismic reflection prospecting. Acquisition of seismic data on land. Gravity method. Fundamental methods of gravity prospecting. Magnetic methods. Radiometric method. Geophysical well-logging.

MTH 313 Complex Analysis I                                                           3 Credit Units

Functions of complex variable, Limits and continuity of functions of complex variable. Derivation of Cauchy-Riemann equations. Analytic functions. Bilinear transformations, conformal mapping, Contour integrals. Cauchy’s theorem and its main consequences. Convergence of sequences and series of functions of a complex variable. Power series, Taylor series.

PHY 320 SIWES                                                              6 Credit Units